Electronic Portfolio (eP; ePortfolio)

An electronic portfolio, ePortfolio, or eP, is a collection of purposefully self-selected artifacts (text, audio, video, photo, etc.) that are connected together by a narrative, to demonstrate learning, understanding and growth. An eP can be used for reflection on goals and learning, to track progress, self-reflection, critique, or to articulate ideas. An eP considers the values and beliefs as well as the what and how of learning. An eP may include co-curricular and extra-curricular activities, especially how they help to define the individual and their growth.

Types of ePs

There is a variety of types of ePs. These include:

Competency-based where artifacts are collected to support or demonstrate achievement of a prescribed set of skills, or knowledge.
Reflective whereby the individual provides their thoughts and ideas on something important to them. The reflection may relate to a particular topic in a course or program, a news event or even a hobby, depending on the purpose of the eP.
Demonstration of learning growth is similar to a competency-based eP where an individual demonstrates their growth in skills or knowledge, but these may not be prescribed areas.
Employment/Career can encompass all other eP types, and is focused on providing employers or potential employers with information on skill and knowledge levels as well as examples of work.

Purposes of ePs

Demonstrate competencies for assessment (academic or employment): An individual may show examples of work that demonstrate their achievement of various competencies. For example a first aid certificate might cover the competency: Demonstrate CPR. Another example might be a solved physics problem that demonstrates competency in applying Newton’s Third Law.
Provide evidence of growth, learning, throughout a course or program: An individual might show early and later examples of work that demonstrate growth. This would be useful for confidence building, as well as for program justification.
Share reflections, ideas: Similar to a blog, the eP can provide a platform for sharing reflections or ideas, however, the eP is often a more private environment. This is one way an individual can express their views on various works of literature.
Develop critical thinking: An individual might show development of critical thinking by writing a critique of a news article, or by illustrating thought processes used in solving a chemistry problem.
Link academic learning to the outside world: An individual might show the connection to a reading in a sociology course to a current news article. Also an individual might apply course to their life for example, a chapter about brick and cement structures could be applied to the building of an outdoor pizza over.
Career planning: An individual might express a career goal and potential steps to reaching this goal. The individual would then outline and demonstrate their skills and qualifications for each step, how they will obtain the skills, and proof of obtaining the skills.
Teaching dossiers:
- Lifelong learning: An individual might keep a record of professional development attended, qualifications obtained, courses completed, etc.
- Demonstrate program outcomes for program accreditation: A collection of individual ePs may be used as evidence of learner achievement for program accreditation purposes.

Guidance

When students are creating an eP it is helpful to have guiding questions to help focus their work, and this is especially true if learners are new to the eP process. Clearly defined goals or objectives for an eP should be stated. For an academic eP the goals and objectives should be consistent with the institution, or program’s mission, vision and strategy and map back to the curriculum.

If the eP is to be graded, the grading rubrics should be provided to the students at the start of their creation of their eP.

The typical steps involved in the ePortfolio Assessment procss include:

set goals for what you intend to work on during the semester, what you want to be able to do or show you know; these may be based on the course goals or instructor objectives
collect artefacts of work you complete during the semester
select artefacts that evidence goals
organize artefacts into meaningful groups
reflect on artefact development, learning progress and attainment of goals
evaluate, with instructor and others, learning progress and attainment of goals, may involve rubrics
exhibit portfolio contents as a showcase of learning and products
revisit goals and continue eP process

Audience for ePs

The audience may include instructors, peers, potential employers, or the public. The audience will impact the style and content of the eP, so having the audience clear at the beginning will help alleviate any extra work or frustration on the part of the student. Different parts of an eP can be shared with different people, therefore there may be different groups of audiences with the one eP. For example, a learner might share their course summaries with classmates, and potential employers, they might share photos of degrees, certificates, etc. with potential employers, and course reflections with just their instructor.

Within some eP platforms, learners can tag their artefacts and posts. This enables the learner to use the same artifacts for multiple purposes. For example a co-op student may tag a work term report as “wtrport”, then provide permission for their academic work term supervisor to read the report. Later the learner may want to share the report with potential employers. The student is the owner of the eP and can determine who sees what and for what period of time.

eP Platform

Currently Memorial does not prescribe to any particular eP tool. Some instructors and students use WordPress or other blogging or website creation tools. Others use cloud-based storage spaces and word processing tools. Some examples include Google Drive and Documents, MS OneDrive with MS Word, or Box or Dropbox. In case of the cloud-based tools, it is important to organize the folders and keep a list of artefacts and other contents of the eP to more easily facilitate showcasing skills and knowledge.

References

Davis, V. (2017, November 17). 11 Essentials for Excellent Digital ePortfolios. edutopia. https://www.edutopia.org/blog/11-essentials-for-excellent-eportfolios-vicki-davis
Herteis, E.M., & Simmons, N. (2010). Green Guide No 10: The Portfolio Process. Society for Teaching and Learning in Higher Education. https://stlhe.ca/resources-2/green-guides/
Phiri, W.A., & Settley, C. (2025). Assessment and Evaluation: Methods for Assessing Student Learning and Development through ePortfolios. In M-E.P. Modise &N Vaughan (Eds.) Digital Resilience of ePortfolios During and Beyond the COVID-19 Pandemic: Lessons for the Future. Mount Royal University Library. https://doi.org/10.60770/a2xe-fv33
Yang, H., & Wong, R., (2024). An In-Depth Literature Review of E-Portfolio Implementation in Higher Education: Processes, Barriers, and Strategies, Issues and Trends in Learning Technologies, 12(1), 65-101. https://doi.org/10.2458/itlt.5809
Zubizarreta, J. (2009). The learning portfolio: Reflective practice for improving student learning 2nd Ed. Jossey-Bass.