{"id":15083,"date":"2023-08-21T13:14:23","date_gmt":"2023-08-21T16:44:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.citl.mun.ca\/instructionalresources\/?page_id=15083"},"modified":"2025-01-15T15:11:33","modified_gmt":"2025-01-15T18:41:33","slug":"citation-and-reference-guide-generative-ai-e-g-chatgpt","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.citl.mun.ca\/instructionalresources\/citation-and-reference-guide-generative-ai-e-g-chatgpt\/","title":{"rendered":"Citation and Reference Guide: Generative AI (e.g. ChatGPT)"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>This resource outlines how to cite and reference content derived from generative artificial intelligence (AI) tools, such as OpenAI&#8217;s ChatGPT, Google Bard AI, Microsoft Bing Chat AI, Jasper.ai, Copilot, etc.   Depending upon the style you use in your course, you may want to reference the specific information below in your syllabus, or link directly to this page.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.mun.ca\/researchtools\/guides\/integrity\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.library.mun.ca\/researchtools\/guides\/integrity\/\">Memorial University Libraries<\/a> provide great service to faculty and students to help maintain academic integrity.  Instructors are encouraged to reach out to them directly for specific help.  <\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-base-2-background-color has-background\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Until official guidelines are available, style guides may only offer temporary guidance in citing AI-generated information.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<li>We recommend checking with the official style guide websites for the latest updates. <\/li>\n<li>The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.mun.ca\/researchtools\/guides\/citations\/\">university library<\/a> maintains a list of referencing styles. They have recently added instructions on how to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.mun.ca\/researchtools\/guides\/integrity\/ai\/\">reference and cite AI-related content<\/a>.  <\/li>\n<li>Furthermore, different publishers are taking different approaches related to the use of generative AI.<\/li>\n<li>If you are writing for publication, check the publisher&#8217;s information for authors.<\/li>\n<li>For course assessments that require citation and referencing, speak or communicate your requirements to students in the course, syllabus, or assignment instructions. For example, let them know if they may consult AI-generating sources for content, how they may use this content, and how to cite it appropriately. Remind students that work should adhere to copyright; they need to cite all ideas, words, work, content, and sources that are not their own. They should think critically about the suitability and reliability of sources used in assignments. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Citation and Referencing Recommendations <\/h2>\n<p>The most widely-used citation and referencing styles are noted below, including: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, and AAA. No other citation and referencing style guides have identified specific approaches to citing generative AI. Please consult their websites for updates.<\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle wp-block-ub-content-toggle-block\" id=\"ub-content-toggle-block-3c672e1f-c775-4cd7-a1df-3fca9a047536\" data-mobilecollapse=\"false\" data-desktopcollapse=\"true\" data-preventcollapse=\"false\" data-showonlyone=\"true\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion\" style=\"border-color: #f1f1f1; \" id=\"ub-content-toggle-panel-block-acd53b68-a621-4c9c-9728-3e1c6972b634\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-title-wrap\" style=\"background-color: #f1f1f1;\" aria-controls=\"ub-content-toggle-panel-0-3c672e1f-c775-4cd7-a1df-3fca9a047536\" tabindex=\"0\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-title ub-content-toggle-title-3c672e1f-c775-4cd7-a1df-3fca9a047536\" style=\"color: #000000; \">APA<\/h3>\n<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-toggle-wrap right\" style=\"color: #000000;\"><span class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-state-indicator wp-block-ub-chevron-down\"><\/span><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div role=\"region\" aria-expanded=\"false\" class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-content-wrap ub-hide\" id=\"ub-content-toggle-panel-0-3c672e1f-c775-4cd7-a1df-3fca9a047536\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">(McAdoo, 2023)<\/h3>\n<p>To learn more, read the APA blog post, <a href=\"https:\/\/apastyle.apa.org\/blog\/how-to-cite-chatgpt\">How to Cite ChatGPT<\/a> by McAdoo (2023, April 7).<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Reference List Entry<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Template<\/strong><br>Author. (Date). Title (include version) [descriptor]. Source<\/p>\n<p><strong>Example<\/strong><br>OpenAI. (2023). ChatGPT (Mar 14 version) [Large language model]. https:\/\/chat.openai.com\/chat<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">In-Text Citation<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Template<\/strong><br>(Author\/Creator of AI model, Year of version used)<\/p>\n<p><strong>Example<\/strong><br>(OpenAI, 2022)<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">APA Citation Considerations<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>If you\u2019ve used ChatGPT or other AI tools in your research, describe how you used the tool in your Method section or in a comparable section of your paper. <\/li>\n<li>For literature reviews or other types of essays or response or reaction papers, you might describe how you used the tool in your introduction. <\/li>\n<li>In your text, provide the prompt you used and then any portion of the relevant text that was generated in response (McAdoo, 2023).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion\" style=\"border-color: #f1f1f1; \" id=\"ub-content-toggle-panel-block-bd90314c-f201-4905-bbb9-ecf7373a5dec\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-title-wrap\" style=\"background-color: #f1f1f1;\" aria-controls=\"ub-content-toggle-panel-1-3c672e1f-c775-4cd7-a1df-3fca9a047536\" tabindex=\"0\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-title ub-content-toggle-title-3c672e1f-c775-4cd7-a1df-3fca9a047536\" style=\"color: #000000; \">MLA<\/h3>\n<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-toggle-wrap right\" style=\"color: #000000;\"><span class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-state-indicator wp-block-ub-chevron-down\"><\/span><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div role=\"region\" aria-expanded=\"false\" class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-content-wrap ub-hide\" id=\"ub-content-toggle-panel-1-3c672e1f-c775-4cd7-a1df-3fca9a047536\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">(Modern Languages Association of America, 2023)<\/h3>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Reference List Entry<\/h3>\n<p>For MLA formatting, the following is the typical template used:<\/p>\n<p>(Author, title or source, title of container, version, publisher, date, location)<\/p>\n<p><em>Author<\/em><br>We do not recommend treating the AI tool as an author. This recommendation follows the policies developed by various publishers, including the MLA\u2019s journal PMLA.<\/p>\n<p><em>Title of Source<\/em><br>Describe what was generated by the AI tool. This may involve including information about the prompt in the Title of Source element if you have not done so in the text.<\/p>\n<p><em>Title of Container<\/em><br>Use the Title of Container element to name the AI tool (e.g., ChatGPT).<\/p>\n<p><em>Version<\/em><br>Name the version of the AI tool as specifically as possible. For example, the examples in this post were developed using ChatGPT 3.5, which assigns a specific date to the version, so the Version element shows this version date.<\/p>\n<p><em>Publisher<\/em><br>Name the company that made the tool.<\/p>\n<p><em>Date<\/em><br>Give the date the content was generated.<\/p>\n<p><em>Location<\/em><br>Give the general URL for the tool.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Example<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u201cDescribe the symbolism of the green light in the book The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald\u201d prompt. ChatGPT, 13 Feb. version, OpenAI, 8 Mar. 2023, chat.openai.com\/chat.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">In-Text Citation<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Template<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>(&#8220;word word word&#8221;)<\/p>\n<p>Use the first three words in quotation marks of the prompt entered in the generative AI application.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Example<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Based on the prompt, \u201cDescribe the symbolism of the green light in the book The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald\u201d, you would use the following:<\/p>\n<p>(\u201cDescribe the symbolism\u201d)<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">MLA Citation Considerations<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Cite a generative AI tool whenever you paraphrase, quote, or incorporate into your own work any content (whether text, image, data, or other) that was created by it<\/li>\n<li>Acknowledge all functional uses of the tool (like editing your prose or translating words) in a note, your text, or another suitable location<\/li>\n<li>Take care to vet the secondary sources it cites (Modern Languages Association of America, 2023)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion\" style=\"border-color: #f1f1f1; \" id=\"ub-content-toggle-panel-block-58346e59-8729-41c0-9c64-55cfdcdef800\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-title-wrap\" style=\"background-color: #f1f1f1;\" aria-controls=\"ub-content-toggle-panel-2-3c672e1f-c775-4cd7-a1df-3fca9a047536\" tabindex=\"0\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-title ub-content-toggle-title-3c672e1f-c775-4cd7-a1df-3fca9a047536\" style=\"color: #000000; \">Harvard<\/h3>\n<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-toggle-wrap right\" style=\"color: #000000;\"><span class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-state-indicator wp-block-ub-chevron-down\"><\/span><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div role=\"region\" aria-expanded=\"false\" class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-content-wrap ub-hide\" id=\"ub-content-toggle-panel-2-3c672e1f-c775-4cd7-a1df-3fca9a047536\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">(The University of Queensland, 2023)<br><\/h3>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Reference List Entry<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Template for publicly available sources<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>(Creator (Year) Title of work [Medium]. Available at: URL (Accessed: date).)<\/p>\n<p><strong>Example<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Shutterstock AI (2023) A Baby Fennec Sneezing Onto A Strawberry [Digital art]. Available at: https:\/\/www.shutterstock.com\/image-generated\/baby-fennec-sneezingonto- strawberry-detailed-2237162593 (Accessed: 3 April 2023).<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">In-Text Citation<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Template<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>(Author, Date)<\/p>\n<p><strong>Example<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>(Shutterstock AI, 2023)<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Harvard Citation Considerations<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>When referencing generative AI output that is only available to you, cite this as personal communication and include a description of the AI-generated material in your in-text citation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Template<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>(Communicator, personal communication, Day Month Year)<\/p>\n<p><strong>Example<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>(OpenAI&#8217;s ChatGPT AI language model, personal communication, 7 February 2023)<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion\" style=\"border-color: #f1f1f1; \" id=\"ub-content-toggle-panel-block-3e489b8a-9abf-4bad-b19c-455b13546eb7\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-title-wrap\" style=\"background-color: #f1f1f1;\" aria-controls=\"ub-content-toggle-panel-3-3c672e1f-c775-4cd7-a1df-3fca9a047536\" tabindex=\"0\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-title ub-content-toggle-title-3c672e1f-c775-4cd7-a1df-3fca9a047536\" style=\"color: #000000; \">Chicago<\/h3>\n<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-toggle-wrap right\" style=\"color: #000000;\"><span class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-state-indicator wp-block-ub-chevron-down\"><\/span><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div role=\"region\" aria-expanded=\"false\" class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-content-wrap ub-hide\" id=\"ub-content-toggle-panel-3-3c672e1f-c775-4cd7-a1df-3fca9a047536\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">(The Chicago Manual of Style Online, 2023)<\/h3>\n<p>You need to credit ChatGPT and similar tools whenever you use the text that they generate in your own work. For most types of writing, you can simply acknowledge the AI tool in your text (e.g., \u201cThe following recipe for pizza dough was generated by ChatGPT\u201d). If you need a more formal citation, a numbered reference should be used. A Chicago footnote is recommended in citations, treating the source as you would a personal communication. As such, they would not be included in the bibliography<\/p>\n<p>Please see the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.chicagomanualofstyle.org\/qanda\/data\/faq\/topics\/Documentation\/faq0422.html\">Chicago Manual of Style&#8217;s FAQ<\/a> item on citing content developed or generated by artificial intelligence.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Reference List Entry<\/h3>\n<p>n\/a<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">In-Text Citation<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Template<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>(&#8220;Text generated by ChatGPT [Author], date, publisher, URL)<\/p>\n<p><strong>Example<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Text generated by ChatGPT, March 7, 2023, OpenAI, https:\/\/chat.openai.com\/chat.<\/p>\n<p>ChatGPT is the author of the content, and the date is the date the text was generated. OpenAI (the organization that developed ChatGPT) is listed as the publisher and the URL tells us where the ChatGPT tool may be found.<\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-group notebox\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p><strong>Note<\/strong>: if the prompt hasn\u2019t been included in the text of the article or paper, it can be included in the note.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><strong>Example<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>ChatGPT, response to \u201cExplain how to make pizza dough from common household ingredients,\u201d March 7, 2023, OpenAI.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion\" style=\"border-color: #f1f1f1; \" id=\"ub-content-toggle-panel-block-ec6e875c-9709-445c-8f12-dab3b1b645e5\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-title-wrap\" style=\"background-color: #f1f1f1;\" aria-controls=\"ub-content-toggle-panel-4-3c672e1f-c775-4cd7-a1df-3fca9a047536\" tabindex=\"0\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-title ub-content-toggle-title-3c672e1f-c775-4cd7-a1df-3fca9a047536\" style=\"color: #000000; \">American Anthropological Association (AAA)<\/h3>\n<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-toggle-wrap right\" style=\"color: #000000;\"><span class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-state-indicator wp-block-ub-chevron-down\"><\/span><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div role=\"region\" aria-expanded=\"false\" class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-content-wrap ub-hide\" id=\"ub-content-toggle-panel-4-3c672e1f-c775-4cd7-a1df-3fca9a047536\">\n<p>As of September 2015, <a href=\"https:\/\/americananthro.org\/publications\/publishing-style-guide\/\">AAA <\/a>follows the Chicago Manual of Style (17th ed.).<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Reference List Entry<\/h3>\n<p>n\/a<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">In-Text Citation<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Template<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>(Author, date, publisher, URL)<\/p>\n<p><strong>Example<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Text generated by ChatGPT, March 7, 2023, OpenAI, <a href=\"https:\/\/chat.openai.com\/chat\">https:\/\/chat.openai.com\/chat<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">References <\/h2>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list ref-list\">\n<li>McAdoo, T. (2023, April 7). How to cite ChatGPT. American Psychological Association. <a href=\"https:\/\/apastyle.apa.org\/blog\/how-to-cite-chatgpt\">https:\/\/apastyle.apa.org\/blog\/how-to-cite-chatgpt<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Modern Languages Association of America. (2023). How do I cite generative AI in MLA style?<br>MLA Style Center.<a href=\"https:\/\/style.mla.org\/citing-generative-ai\/\"> https:\/\/style.mla.org\/citing-generative-ai\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li>The Chicago Manual of Style Online. (2023, July 20). Citation, documentation of sources. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.chicagomanualofstyle.org\/qanda\/data\/faq\/topics\/Documentation\/faq0422.html\">https:\/\/www.chicagomanualofstyle.org\/qanda\/data\/faq\/topics\/Documentation\/faq0422.html<\/a><\/li>\n<li>The University of Queensland. (2023). Citing ChatGPT and other generative AI. <a href=\"https:\/\/guides.library.uq.edu.au\/referencing\/uqharvard\/chatgpt-and-generative-ai\">https:\/\/guides.library.uq.edu.au\/referencing\/uqharvard\/chatgpt-and-generative-ai<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>This resource outlines how to cite and reference content derived from generative artificial intelligence (AI) tools, such as OpenAI&#8217;s ChatGPT, Google Bard AI, Microsoft Bing Chat AI, Jasper.ai, Copilot, etc. Depending upon the style you use in your course, you may want to reference the specific information below in your syllabus, or link directly to [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":255,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[225],"tags":[259,261,267],"collection":[227],"class_list":["post-15083","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-generative-ai","tag-ai","tag-delivery-modes","tag-web-design","collection-generative-ai"],"featured_image_src":null,"author_info":{"display_name":"simon","author_link":"https:\/\/blog.citl.mun.ca\/instructionalresources\/author\/simon\/"},"acf":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p7y0Lp-3Vh","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.citl.mun.ca\/instructionalresources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15083","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.citl.mun.ca\/instructionalresources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.citl.mun.ca\/instructionalresources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.citl.mun.ca\/instructionalresources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/255"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.citl.mun.ca\/instructionalresources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15083"}],"version-history":[{"count":36,"href":"https:\/\/blog.citl.mun.ca\/instructionalresources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15083\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":22329,"href":"https:\/\/blog.citl.mun.ca\/instructionalresources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15083\/revisions\/22329"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.citl.mun.ca\/instructionalresources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15083"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.citl.mun.ca\/instructionalresources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15083"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.citl.mun.ca\/instructionalresources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15083"},{"taxonomy":"collection","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.citl.mun.ca\/instructionalresources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/collection?post=15083"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}